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Hanukkah is the Jewish Festival of Lights, an eight-day celebration that usually falls in late November or December. The exact dates change each year because the Jewish calendar is lunisolar.
🕎 Hanukkah History
🕎 What Is the Story of Hanukkah?
Hanukkah commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem around 164 BCE, after a small group of Jewish fighters called the Maccabees defeated the much larger Seleucid Greek army. The story goes that when they reclaimed the Temple, they found only enough consecrated oil to light the menorah for one day, but it miraculously burned for eight nights.
🕎 How Is Hanukkah Celebrated?
Each night, one additional candle is lit on the menorah (nine-branched candelabrum, also called a hanukkiah). Traditional foods are fried in oil to commemorate the miracle: latkes (potato pancakes) and sufganiyot (jelly donuts). Children play dreidel, a spinning top game, and receive gelt (chocolate coins or real money).
🎄 Is Hanukkah the Jewish Christmas?
No, and this is a common misconception. Hanukkah is actually a relatively minor holiday in Jewish tradition, holidays like Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah and Passover are far more religiously signficant. Hanukkah gained cultural prominence in the US partly because of its proximity to Christmas, which created commercial pressure for a gift-giving equivalent.
🕎 What Are the Traditional Hanukkah Foods?
Because the Hanukkah miracle involved oil, traditional foods are fried in oil. The two most iconic are latkes (potato pancakes, often served with applesauce or sour cream) and sufganiyot (jelly-filled donuts that are wildly popular in Israel, where bakeries sell millions during the holiday). In Sephardic Jewish traditions, fried dough balls, fritters and churro-like treats are common alternatives.
🎮 How Do You Play Dreidel?
A dreidel is a four-sided spinning top with Hebrew letters on each side: Nun, Gimel, Hey and Shin, standing for "Nes Gadol Haya Sham" ("A great miracle happened there," referring to the oil miracle). Players put coins, candy or chocolate gelt into a pot and take turns spinning. Depending on which letter comes up, you either take nothing (Nun), take everything (Gimel), take half (Hey) or put one in (Shin). Its a simple gambling game that has been played by Jewish children for centuries.
🕎 Hanukkah Gelt Led to Chocolate Coins Worldwide
The tradition of giving children gelt (money) on Hanukkah dates back to 17th-century Eastern Europe. In the early 1900s, American chocolate companies began producing foil-wrapped chocolate coins as an affordable alternative. The tradition was so successful that chocolate coins spread beyond Jewish communities and are now sold worldwide during the winter holiday season, often appearing in Christmas stockings with no awareness of their Hanukkah origins.
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